Enhancing Grassland Productivity through Disease Management of Grass and Forage Species

The total area of grassland in China is about 400 million hectares, accounting for 41.7% of the country’s land area, which plays important role in ecological construction and food security assurance of the national. However, diseases of grass and forage limited the development of the pastoral agriculture. There are more than1500 new diseases were reported in the past 16 years with more and more new diseases were discovered. The damage to grassland is becoming more severe with the known diseases prevalent areas expanding

Vertical cavity surface emitting laser based optoelectronic asynchronous transfer mode switch

Abstract. Large broadband asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switching nodes require novel hardware solutions that could benefit from the inclusion of optical interconnect technology, since electronic solutions are limited by pin out and by the capacitance/inductance of the interconnections. We propose, analyze and demonstrate a new three stage free space optical switch that utilizes vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) for the optical interconnections, a liquid crystal spatial light modulator (SLM) as a reconfigurable shutter and relatively simple optics for fan out and fan in. A custom complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) chip is required to introduce a time delay in the optical bit stream and to drive the VCSELs. Analysis shows that the switch should be scalable to 1024ϫ1024, which would require 2048 ϳ2 mW VCSELs

Computing during supply voltage switching in DVS enabled real-time processors

In recent times, much attention has been devoted to power optimization for real-time systems, while guaranteeing that such systems meet their hard (or soft) scheduling deadlines. To reduce power, different tasks in such systems may be run at different power supply voltages, in order to maximally utilize slack in the schedule. However, prior approaches have ignored the practical aspects of switching the power supply. In a typical IC, the VDD net is highly capacitive, and as a result, its voltage cannot be changed instantaneously. In traditional approaches, the assumption is that this net switches instantaneously, which in effect makes it essential to include the VDD switching time in the worst-case execution time (WCET) of a process (adding pessimism to the WCET value). In our approach, we precisely model the switching of the VDD net, and allow the system to continue computations while VDD is being switched. The effect on the delay of tasks during this transition is precisely modeled. This allows a designer to obtain more realistic estimates of the WCET of a process, reducing the pessimism inherent in real-time system scheduling. Our approach can be implemented as a simple look-up table in a real-time scheduler. Our experimental results show that our model is highly accurate, with an error of < 0.2 % compared to SPICE simulations. 1